Honoring Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

By Grace Lee Boggs, WORT commentary, January 17, 2000 During the 1960s, like most activists in the Black Power movement, I identified more with Malcolm than with King. I was inspired by the civil rights movement in the South, but I had no real understanding of how deeply rooted it was in the people and the community or how it challenged not only the racism of American society but the concepts of revolution held by most radicals, including myself. It was only as I studied the speeches and writings of Dr. King in the last two years of his life that I have learned to appreciate how profoundly visionary he was and especially how he exemplified what I believe to be one of the most important qualities of revolutionary leadership, the ability to evolve and change your ideas as reality changes and as you learn from your own experiences and those of others. The turning point for King was the eruption of the youth rebellions in northern cities, beginning with Watts in 1965. These rebellions made King painfully aware that the vision of Black and white children marching hand in hand, which had inspired the civil rights struggle in the South, did not meet the more complex needs of new generations of Black street youth whom Hi-Tech had made expendable and who were being sent to die in the rice paddies of Vietnam. Recognizing that we had entered into an era of rebellion but also recognizing that unceasing rebellion would only mean unceasing chaos, King was exploring a new kind of revolution, a non-violent revolution that would challenge all the values and institutions of our society and combine the struggle against Racism with a struggle against Poverty, Militarism and Materialism. Recognizing that these four evils were deeply rooted in capitalism, King was trying to conceptualize a new system that would go beyond Capitalism which he said was too "I-centered, too individualistic" and Communism which he saw as "too collective, too statist." Warning that material growth had been made an end in itself and that our scientific power had outrun our spiritual power, he refused to accept the dictatorship of Hi-Tech which he said diminishes people because it eliminates the sense of participation. "We have guided missiles and misguided men," he said. He deplored the way that educators were trying to instill middle class values in black youth, noting that "it was precisely when young Negroes threw off their middle class values and put careers and wealth in a secondary role" that they made an historic social contribution. And he called for programs that would involve young people in direct actions "in our dying cities" which would be both self-transforming and structure-transforming. I don't know - no one does - what King would have been thinking and doing had he not been killed. But today, thirty-two years later, I am convinced that in order to build a new movement for revolutionary social change for our period we have to begin where he left off, i.e., with the need to go beyond rebellion to revolution. That means taking seriously King's conviction that the struggle against Racism should not be separated out from the struggle against Poverty, Materialism and Militarism. It also means that we should be involving our young people in self-transforming and structure-transforming community-building programs, especially in our schools from K-12. King was able to respond so creatively to the black rebellions because he had learned to think dialectically from Hegel, his "favorite philosopher." Recognizing that new contradictions are bound to emerge in the course of struggle, Hegel warned against getting stuck in the ideals of the pasts. For King, as for Hegel, the essence of humanity was the struggle for Freedom. But Freedom is not a thing. It is a concept that is constantly evolving as we struggle to evolve more human. Thus we have to go beyond the concept of Freedom as freedom of the will or to do your own thing and begin conceiving of Freedom in terms of citizenship or our right and responsibility to govern our communities, our city and our country. Like Hegel, King had a long-range approach to struggle. As a result, he saw revolution not as an outburst of anger or resentment but as disciplined activity that is transformative and healing not only of society but of ourselves. These are some of the ways of thinking that contributed to the very special quality of King's leadership. The best way for us to honor Dr. King is to think dialectically ourselves. See www.boggscenter.org for more on thinking dialectically. Honoring Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. By Grace Lee Boggs, WORT commentary, January 17, 2000 During the 1960s, like most activists in the Black Power movement, I identified more with Malcolm than with King. I was inspired by the civil rights movement in the South, but I had no real understanding of how deeply rooted it was in the people and the community or how it challenged not only the racism of American society but the concepts of revolution held by most radicals, including myself. It was only as I studied the speeches and writings of Dr. King in the last two years of his life that I have learned to appreciate how profoundly visionary he was and especially how he exemplified what I believe to be one of the most important qualities of revolutionary leadership, the ability to evolve and change your ideas as reality changes and as you learn from your own experiences and those of others. The turning point for King was the eruption of the youth rebellions in northern cities, beginning with Watts in 1965. These rebellions made King painfully aware that the vision of Black and white children marching hand in hand, which had inspired the civil rights struggle in the South, did not meet the more complex needs of new generations of Black street youth whom Hi-Tech had made expendable and who were being sent to die in the rice paddies of Vietnam. Recognizing that we had entered into an era of rebellion but also recognizing that unceasing rebellion would only mean unceasing chaos, King was exploring a new kind of revolution, a non-violent revolution that would challenge all the values and institutions of our society and combine the struggle against Racism with a struggle against Poverty, Militarism and Materialism. Recognizing that these four evils were deeply rooted in capitalism, King was trying to conceptualize a new system that would go beyond Capitalism which he said was too "I-centered, too individualistic" and Communism which he saw as "too collective, too statist." Warning that material growth had been made an end in itself and that our scientific power had outrun our spiritual power, he refused to accept the dictatorship of Hi-Tech which he said diminishes people because it eliminates the sense of participation. "We have guided missiles and misguided men," he said. He deplored the way that educators were trying to instill middle class values in black youth, noting that "it was precisely when young Negroes threw off their middle class values and put careers and wealth in a secondary role" that they made an historic social contribution. And he called for programs that would involve young people in direct actions "in our dying cities" which would be both self-transforming and structure-transforming. I don't know - no one does - what King would have been thinking and doing had he not been killed. But today, thirty-two years later, I am convinced that in order to build a new movement for revolutionary social change for our period we have to begin where he left off, i.e., with the need to go beyond rebellion to revolution. That means taking seriously King's conviction that the struggle against Racism should not be separated out from the struggle against Poverty, Materialism and Militarism. It also means that we should be involving our young people in self-transforming and structure-transforming community-building programs, especially in our schools from K-12. King was able to respond so creatively to the black rebellions because he had learned to think dialectically from Hegel, his "favorite philosopher." Recognizing that new contradictions are bound to emerge in the course of struggle, Hegel warned against getting stuck in the ideals of the past. For King, as for Hegel, the essence of humanity was the struggle for Freedom. But Freedom is not a thing. It is a concept that is constantly evolving as we struggle to evolve into more human, human beings. Thus we have to go beyond the concept of Freedom as freedom of the will or to do your own thing and begin conceiving of Freedom in terms of citizenship or our right and responsibility to govern our communities, our city and our country. Like Hegel, King had a long-range approach to struggle. As a result, he saw revolution not as an outburst of anger or resentment but as disciplined activity that is transformative and healing not only of society but of ourselves. These are some of the ways of thinking that contributed to the very special quality of King's leadership. The best way for us to honor Dr. King is to think dialectically ourselves. See www.boggscenter.org for more on thinking dialectically.

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